6月,全国各棉区气象条件总体较适宜棉花生长,大部分棉田处于现蕾期,病虫害发生程度较轻,整体长势稳定。按照被调查户棉农面积加权平均计算,全国植棉面积4815.6万亩,同比减少1.77%,与上期持平;预计单产持平略增,总产量606万吨,同比减少0.76%。分区域看,内地主产区单产趋势持平略增,新疆单产与去年持平。
截止6月底,全国棉花现蕾率94.35%,快于去年同期2.4个百分点,病虫害发生程度较轻。其中,病害较轻的占63.02%,同比减少18.95百分点;虫害较轻的占65.56%,同比减少6.7个百分点;长势较好的占10.63%,同比减少18.38个百分点。分区域看:
6月,新疆各地气温普遍升高,棉花长势基本稳定。截止6月30日棉田现蕾率达到95%,与去年持平;病虫害发生较轻。其中,病害较轻达到55.5%,同比减少23.3个百分点;虫害较轻达到68.3%,同比减少1.35个百分点;由于天气多变,棉花生长进度比去年晚10天左右,认为长势较好的仅占3.8%,同比减少12.8个百分点。7-8月是棉花生长关键期,棉农应做好中耕、施肥、病虫害防治和田间管理等工作,提高棉花的花蕾数,如果不出现灾害性天气,预计今年棉花单产与去年基本持平;产量约为515万吨左右,同比增加0.2%。
黄河流域普遍干旱,有灌溉条件的棉田长势较好,大部分因缺水无法灌溉,现蕾开花提前5-7天,棉株弱小。截止6月30日大田现蕾率达97.23%,同比增加14.8个百分点。棉花病害发生情况轻于去年,病害较轻发生的占总面积的96.21%,同比增加7.7个百分点。虫害较轻发生的占总面积的48.96%,同比减少26.02个百分点,由于天气干旱,蚜虫、红蜘蛛、盲蝽蟓、蓟马等发生程度重于去年。干旱导致棉花长势欠佳,总体长势较好的占总面积的24.25%,同比减少28.09个百分点。棉农反映,如果近期出现有效降雨,能够促进棉花的二次生长,产量或许有望提高,若干旱继续,棉花将出现减产;因目前棉苗还小,预测单产持平略增0.07%,产量为48.30万吨,同比下降6.75%。
长江流域大部天气适宜棉花生长,局部出现阴雨寡照、强降雨天气,棉花长势缓慢,现蕾推迟5天左右。截止6月30日,大田现蕾率为87.43%,同比增加2.1个百分点。病虫害较轻发生,但略重于去年,主要是枯萎病、红蜘蛛、盲蝽蟓、蚜虫等;病害较轻发生的占总面积的77.31%,同比减少14.47个百分点;虫害较轻发生的占总面积的68.71%,同比减少14.42个百分点。总体长势较好的占总面积的45.86%,同比减少18.24个百分点。预计单产同比增加6.13%,产量为39.42万吨,同比下降3.05%。
全国棉花生长及病虫害情况统计表(2019年6月)
棉区 | 现蕾率 | 病害(%) | 虫害(%) | 总体长势(%) | 户数 | ||||||
较轻 | 一样 | 较重 | 较轻 | 一样 | 较重 | 较好 | 一样 | 较差 | |||
全国 | 94.53% | 63.02% | 21.14% | 10.93% | 65.56% | 19.66% | 9.86% | 10.63% | 14.04% | 65.58% | 2810 |
长江流域 | 87.43% | 77.31% | 18.37% | 4.31% | 68.71% | 21.73% | 9.56% | 45.86% | 26.85% | 27.29% | 769 |
江西 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 76.79% | 23.21% | 0.00% | 82.14% | 17.86% | 0.00% | 58 |
湖南 | 86.50% | 82.52% | 17.48% | 0.00% | 82.52% | 17.48% | 0.00% | 26.21% | 32.04% | 41.75% | 104 |
湖北 | 85.73% | 72.16% | 16.85% | 10.99% | 72.53% | 25.64% | 1.83% | 53.11% | 26.74% | 20.15% | 285 |
安徽 | 87.26% | 70.75% | 29.25% | 0.00% | 49.06% | 19.81% | 31.13% | 34.91% | 22.64% | 42.45% | 110 |
江苏 | 79.82% | 85.58% | 14.42% | 0.00% | 75.96% | 14.42% | 9.62% | 42.79% | 47.60% | 9.61% | 212 |
黄河流域 | 97.23% | 96.21% | 3.79% | 0.00% | 48.96% | 11.72% | 39.32% | 24.25% | 34.43% | 41.32% | 1015 |
天津 | 99.03% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 51.61% | 48.39% | 0.00% | 9.68% | 77.42% | 12.90% | 32 |
河南 | 89.94% | 95.43% | 4.57% | 0.00% | 40.57% | 16.00% | 43.43% | 29.72% | 55.43% | 14.85% | 181 |
河北 | 97.58% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 44.63% | 2.68% | 52.69% | 14.77% | 28.86% | 56.37% | 304 |
山东 | 98.07% | 92.23% | 7.77% | 0.00% | 51.63% | 14.79% | 33.58% | 33.83% | 27.32% | 38.85% | 404 |
陕西 | 97.50% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 18.00% | 82.00% | 0.00% | 50 |
山西 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 75.00% | 25.00% | 0.00% | 25.00% | 75.00% | 0.00% | 44 |
西北内陆 | 95.04% | 55.83% | 24.27% | 13.55% | 67.79% | 20.65% | 5.21% | 3.77% | 9.08% | 74.54% | 1026 |
甘肃 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 46 |
新疆 | 95.00% | 55.5% | 24.5% | 13.7% | 68.3% | 20.1% | 5.3% | 3.8% | 9.2% | 74.4% | 980 |