SAE AIR 825/2-2007 急性高度照射对人体的影响:生理学保护要求

标准号：SAE AIR 825/2-2007
中文标准名称：急性高度照射对人体的影响:生理学保护要求
英文标准名称：Effects of Acute Altitude Exposure in Humans: Requirements for Physiological Protection
标准类型：V04
发布日期：2007/7/1 12:00:00
实施日期：1999/12/31 12:00:00
中国标准分类号：V04
国际标准分类号：49.095
引用标准：AR CFR PART 25;CS-25;NATO NSA STANAG 3198AMD
适用范围：The intent of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to describe the effects of the environmental changes on human physiology and the protection required to avoid negative consequences resulting from altitude exposure. A brief presentation of basic terms and considerations required to discuss the topic of human physiology at altitude are followed by an overview of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Issues specifically related to human exposure to altitude are then discussed. Hypoxia, hyperventilation, barotrauma, and decompression sickness (DCS) are each addressed: hypoxia is defined as an insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues, hyperventilation is an excessive rate of ventilation with ultimate consequences on acido-basic equilibrium, barotrauma is injury caused by pressure: most commonly referencing injury to the walls of the Eustachian tube and the ear drum due to the difference between atmospheric and intratympanic pressures, and DCS is related to an excess of nitrogen in the body tissues. One goal of this AIR is to demonstrate the necessity of oxygen use for prevention of physical and psychological problems, or loss of consciousness in an aircraft pilot, flight crew, or passengers. Hopefully, this will provide a clear understanding as to why the use of supplemental oxygen is required for flight crew and passengers at altitudes greater than 12,000 ft (3650 m).