2020年6月中国棉花协会棉农分会对内地12个省市和新疆自治区2451个定点农户进行了植棉情况调查。调查结果显示:全国植棉面积为4615.63万亩,同比减少4.15%,预计单产同比略增,总产量约为576.5万吨,同比减少2.4%。
截止6月底,全国棉花现蕾率97.53%,高于去年同期3个百分点,病虫害发生程度较轻。其中,病害较轻的占78.80%,同比高15.78个百分点;虫害较轻的占67.33%,同比高1.77个百分点;长势较好占47.80%,同比高37.17个百分点。
新疆棉花长势整体好于去年,病虫害发生较轻,预计单产与去年基本持平,产量约为502万吨,同比减少0.39%,占全国比重87%。分区域看,6月北疆棉田出现旱情,但中下旬连续降雨天气使旱情得到了缓解;南疆棉区晴朗天气较多,日照充足,适宜棉花生长。截止6月30日,全疆现蕾率****,同比高5个百分点;病害较轻发生的占78.82%,同比高23.32个百分点;虫害较轻发生的占67.91%,同比低0.39个百分点;棉花长势好于去年的占51.32%,同比高47.52个百分点。7-8月是棉花生长关键期,棉农应做好中耕、施肥、病虫害防治和田间管理工作,提高棉花的花蕾数量,如后期不出现*端天气,棉花产量将保持稳定。
黄河流域棉区大部光热条件较好,北部棉区上中旬降水偏少,不利于棉花苗期生长及现蕾开花,下旬降水缓解前期旱情;南部棉区出现强对流天气,部分棉花受灾。截止6月30日,黄河流域大田现蕾率89.74%,同比低7.49个百分点;病虫害主要有枯黄萎病、盲蝽蟓和蚜虫,均为较轻发生,其中病害虽为较轻发生,但发生程度重于去年同期。据统计,病害较轻发生的占88.51%,同比低7.7个百分点;虫害较轻发生的占64.62%,同比高15.66个百分点,发生程度明显轻于去年。棉花的总体长势好于去年,去年同期棉花长势较差的占41.32%,今年只有4.70%。预测黄河流域棉花单产同比增长3.34%,产量约为40.52万吨,同比减少13.23%。
长江流域棉区强降水过程频繁,部分棉田出现渍涝灾害,不利棉花发育,但大部棉区长势尚可。受阴雨天气影响,棉区光照较少,枯黄萎病有所加重,局部地区受持续强降雨影响,棉田遭受湿渍和洪涝灾害。整体看该流域棉花生长缓慢,现蕾时间有所推迟。截止6月30日,长江流域大田现蕾率为84.97%,同比低2.46个百分点;病虫害发生程度,较去年有所加重,病害较轻发生的占65.91%,同比低11.4个百分点,主要是枯黄萎病重于去年;虫害较轻发生的占65.11%,同比低3.6个百分点,主要有盲蝽蟓、蚜虫和红蜘蛛等。棉花长势与去年相近,棉花长势持平与好于去年的占73.53%,同比高0.82个百分点。预测棉花单产与去年基本持平,产量约为30.49万吨,同比减少15.42%。
全国棉花现蕾及病虫害情况统计表(2020年6月)
棉区 | 现蕾率 | 病害(%) | 虫害(%) | 总体长势(%) | 户数 | ||||||
较轻 | 一样 | 较重 | 较轻 | 一样 | 较重 | 较好 | 一样 | 较差 | |||
全国 | 97.53% | 78.80% | 12.08% | 9.12% | 67.33% | 22.86% | 9.81% | 47.80% | 35.08% | 17.11% | 2451 |
长江流域 | 84.97% | 65.91% | 22.99% | 11.10% | 65.11% | 23.79% | 11.10% | 31.12% | 42.41% | 26.47% | 745 |
江西 | 90.10% | 56.25% | 27.08% | 16.67% | 56.25% | 27.08% | 16.67% | 27.08% | 56.25% | 16.67% | 50 |
湖南 | 89.46% | 33.33% | 19.61% | 47.06% | 33.33% | 19.61% | 47.06% | 20.59% | 32.35% | 47.06% | 103 |
湖北 | 90.89% | 77.06% | 20.68% | 2.26% | 74.44% | 23.68% | 1.88% | 45.86% | 35.34% | 18.80% | 278 |
安徽 | 71.17% | 75.73% | 24.27% | 0.00% | 75.73% | 24.27% | 0.00% | 19.42% | 53.40% | 27.18% | 107 |
江苏 | 85.14% | 63.73% | 36.27% | 0.00% | 67.88% | 29.53% | 2.59% | 24.87% | 46.11% | 29.02% | 207 |
黄河流域 | 89.74% | 88.51% | 11.49% | 0.00% | 64.62% | 16.22% | 19.16% | 36.11% | 59.19% | 4.70% | 941 |
天津 | 69.80% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 75.00% | 20.00% | 5.00% | 35.00% | 65.00% | 0.00% | 20 |
河南 | 77.44% | 83.33% | 16.67% | 0.00% | 73.30% | 16.67% | 10.03% | 34.44% | 50.00% | 15.56% | 182 |
河北 | 95.35% | 91.87% | 8.13% | 0.00% | 69.96% | 11.66% | 18.38% | 52.29% | 44.88% | 2.83% | 279 |
山东 | 88.97% | 84.37% | 15.63% | 0.00% | 56.33% | 20.75% | 22.92% | 22.37% | 72.51% | 5.12% | 377 |
陕西 | 98.38% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 68.97% | 0.00% | 31.03% | 31.03% | 68.97% | 0.00% | 30 |
山西 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 79.25% | 0.00% | 20.75% | 20.75% | 79.25% | 0.00% | 53 |
西北内陆 | 100.00% | 78.95% | 10.92% | 10.13% | 67.94% | 23.65% | 8.40% | 51.27% | 31.01% | 17.73% | 765 |
甘肃 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 72.34% | 27.66% | 0.00% | 42.55% | 57.45% | 0.00% | 48 |
新疆 | 100.00% | 78.82% | 10.99% | 10.19% | 67.91% | 23.63% | 8.46% | 51.32% | 30.85% | 17.84% | 717 |